Plant Pathology 535 (MBioS 535)
Molecular Genetics of Plant-Pathogen Interactions
Spring 2008
Reading Lists
Click on the links to see the reading list or specific references for each lecture/discussion
in pdf format. You will need the Adobe Acrobat viewer to view these files.
Also included are links to pdf files of the Required Readings where available.
Week of Jan 8
Readings will be handed out in class
Week of January 15
For reference (not required) Punja.pdf
Required for Jan 17 discussion: Stein et al. Plant Cell 18:731-.
Week of January 22
Required reading:
Glazebrook J (2005) Contrasting mechanisms of defense against biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens. Annu Rev Phytopathol 43: 2105-227.
Devoto A, Turner JG (2005) Jasmonate-regulated Arabidopsis stress signalling network. Physiol Plantar 123: 161-172.
Jan 24 discussion paper:
Huffaker A and Ryan CA (2007) Endogenous peptide defense signals in Arabidopsis differentially amplify signaling for the innate immune response. Proc Natl Acad Sci 104(25): 10732-10736.
Week of January 29
Required reading:
Talbot, N.J.( 2003) ON THE TRAIL OF A CEREAL KILLER: Exploring the Biology of Magnaporthe grisea. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 2003. 57:177–202
Ebbole, D.J. (2007) Magnaporthe as a Model for Understanding Host-Pathogen Interactions. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 45:437–56
Discussion paper for January 31
Dodds et al. (2004) The Melampsora lini AvrL567 avirulence genes are expressed in haustoria and their products are recognized inside plant cells. Plant Cell 16:755-768
Week of February 5
Required reading (Feb 5):
Xu et al. (2006) The dawn of fungal pathogen genomics. Annu Rev Phytopathol 44: 337-366.
Discussion paper (Feb 7):
Torto-Alalibo et al. (2007) Expressed sequence tags from Phytophthora sojae reveal genes specific to development and infection. Mol Plant-Microbe Interact 20: 781-793.
Week of February 12
Virus Movement
Plant viruses face a formidable challenge for their movement into a host cell due the presence of a cell wall. As a result, most plant viruses depend on a ‘passive’ entry (usually introduced by a vector during the process of feeding). Once the virus enters a plant cell of a susceptible host, it replicates and makes progeny viral RNA and virions. Their movement from cell to cell is again hampered by the presence of a cell wall. How viruses move from cell to cell has been the focus of study for many years. Molecular tools were applied to study the processes involved in this intricate biological phenomenon which ultimately influences whether a plant gets infected by a virus or not. The list below consists of some recent reviews and papers from primary literature. You are encouraged to thoroughly read EVERY ONE of them so that we can have an exciting discussion of this important topic.
Required reading (Feb 12):
Start with reviews and then the primary literature.
A. Reviews:
1. Oparka (2002). Plant Cells: Plasmodesmata. ENCYCLOPEDIA OF LIFE SCIENCES / & 2002 Macmillan Publishers Ltd, Nature Publishing Group / www.els.net. Provides an overview of the nature of plasmodesmata which are the main conduits for the movement of plant viruses from cell to cell. A must read!
2. Creager et al. (1999). Tobacco mosaic virus: Pioneering Research for a Century. The Plant Cell 11:301-308. TMV was used as a model system to study the virus movement in plants. Gives a historical account of major milestones in the development of plant virology and the contribution of TMV as a model system to study plant-virus interactions. A real page turner!
3. Heinlein (2002) The spread of Tobacco mosaic virus infection: insights into the cellular mechanism of RNA transport. CMLS, Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 59 (2002) 58–82. Summarizes the virus movement using TMV as a case study.
4. Boevink and Oparka (2005). Virus-Host Interactions during Movement Processes. Plant Physiology 138:1815-1821. Very well-written review that provides the state of the art of plant-virus interactions with respect to virus movement.
5. Kehr and Buhtz (2008). Long Distance Transport and Movement of RNA through Phloem. J. Expt. Botany 59: 85-92. A generalized overview of the movement of RNAs in plants, not just viral RNAs.
6. Morozov and Solovyev (2003). Triple Gene Block: Modular Design of a Multifuncational Machine for Plant Virus Movement. J. Gen. Virol. 84:1351-1366. While TMV movement protein was studies in great detail, it became apparent that many other plant viruses possess a set of three genes (triple gene block) with multifunctional role that also includes movement in the host plant. I could not put this paper down!
B. Primary literature:
1. Reichel and Beachy (1998). Tobacco mosaic virus infection induces severe morphological changes of the endoplasmic reticulum. PNAS 95:11169-11174. One of the classical papers that showed the role of viral movement protein.
2. Chen et al. (2000) Interaction between the tobacco mosaic virus movement protein and host cell pectin methylesterases is required for viral cell-to-cell movement. EMBO Journal 19: 913–920. Excellent set of experiments showing the interaction of TMV movement protein with host cell wall components.
3. An et al. (2003) Evidence that the 37 kDa protein of Soil-borne wheat mosaic virus is a virus movement protein. J. Gen. Virol. 84:3153-3163. See how one would go about finding out (experimental approaches used) which viral gene could be functioning as a movement protein.
4. Fedorkin et al. 2001. Cell-to-cell movement of potato virus X involves distinct functions of the coat protein. J. Gen. Virol. 82:449-458. While many viruses code for a movement protein, it became apparent that viral coat protein also plays an important role in virus movement.
5. Kronberg et al. (2007). The Silver Lining of a Viral Agent: Increasing Seed Yield and Harvest Index in Arabidopsis by Ectopic Expression of the Potato Leaf Roll Virus Movement Protein. Plant Physiology 145:905-918. Elegant set of experiments that showed the positive effect of a viral movement protein (is there any positive effects of virus infection? Give me a break!).
Discussion paper (Feb 14):
Fujiki et al. (2006) Domains of tobacco mosaic virus movement protein essential for its membrane association. Journal of General Virology 87:2699-2707. Using molecular tools, the domains of the TMV movement protein were dissected to see which ones are critical for the movement function.
Week of February 19
Reviews
Pathogen-derived virus resistance in transgenic plants
Prins et al. 2008. Strategies for antiviral resistance in transgenic plant. Molecular Plant Pathology 9:73–83.
Goldbach et al. 2003. Resistance mechanisms to plant viruses: an overview. Virus Research 92:207-212
Rovere et al. 2002. RNA-mediated virus resistance. Current Opinion in Biotechnology13:167–172
Virus-induced gene silencing
Lindbo and Dougherty. 2005. PLANT PATHOLOGY AND RNAi: A Brief History. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 43:191–204. A nice historical account of the genesis of the concept of gene silencing. A must read.
Lu et al. 2003. Virus induced gene silencing in plants. Methods 30:96–303. Overview of the use of VIGS for genomics.
Waterhouse et al. Gene silencing as an adaptive defence against viruses. Insight Reviews. An excellent review of the phenomenon. Great graphics!
Virus-coded suppressors of RNA silencing
Roth, B. M., Pruss, G. J. & Vance, V. B. (2004). Plant viral suppressors of RNA silencing. Virus Res 102, 97-108.
Primary Literature
Jan et al. 2000. A single chimeric transgene derived from two distinct viruses confers multi-virus resistance in transgenic plants through homology-dependent gene silencing. Journal of General Virology 81:2103–2109.
Vazquez Rovere, et al. 2001. Transgenic resistance in potato plants expressing potato leaf roll virus (PLRV) replicase gene sequences is RNA-mediated and suggests the involvement of post-transcriptional gene silencing. Arch Virol. 146: 1337–1353
Discussion Paper
Zhou et al. 2006. Identification of an RNA-silencing suppressor in the genome of Grapevine virus A. Journal of General Virology 87:2387–2395. Read the review by Roth et al. first.
Week of February 26
Required reading:
Jones & Dangle 2006 Nature review article
Belkhadir et al. 2004 Curr. Opinion in Plant Biology review article
Week of March 4
Week of March 18
Suggested reading:
Discussion Paper (led by Sahar): Kim, Y.J., Lin, N.-C., Martin, G.B. (2002) Two distince pseudomonas effector proteins interact with the Pto kinase and activate plant immunity. Cell 109:589-598.
Week of March 25
Suggested reading:
Discussion Paper (led by Grant): Salmerone, J.M., Barker, S.J., Carland, F.M., Mehta, A.Y. Staskawicz, B.J. Tomato mutants altered in bacterial disease resistance provide evidence for a new locus controlling pathogen recognition. Plant Cell 6:511-520
Week of April 1 Systemic Acquired Resistance
Optional Reading:
Wang D, Weaver ND, Kesarwani M, Dong X. 2005 Science Induction of protein secretory pathway is required for systemic acquired resistance. May 13;308(5724):1036-40.
Zhonglin Mou , Weihua Fan 1, and Xinnian Dong 2003 Inducers of Plant Systemic Acquired Resistance Regulate NPR1 Function through Redox Changes Cell, Vol 113, 935-944.
Gaffney, T., Friedrich, L., Vernooij, B., Negrotto, D., Nye, G., Uknes, S., Ward, E., Kessmann, H., and Ryals, J. (1993) Requirement of salicylic acid for the induction of systemic acquired resistance. Science 261, 754-756.
Cao et al. (1997) The Arabidopsis NPR1 gene that controls systemic acquired resistance encodes a novel protein containing ankyrin repeats. Cell 88: 57-63.
Cao et al. (1998) Generation of broad spectrum disease resistance by overexpression of an essential regulatory gene in systemic acquired resistance. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95: 6531-6536.
Cui J, Bahrami AK, Pringle EG, Hernandez-Guzman G, Bender CL, Pierce NE, Ausubel FM. (2005) Pseudomonas syringae manipulates systemic plant defenses against pathogens and herbivores Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. Feb 1;102(5):1791-6.
Forouhar F, Yang Y, Kumar D, Chen Y, Fridman E, Park SW, Chiang Y, Acton TB, Montelione GT, Pichersky E, Klessig DF, Tong L. (2005) Structural and biochemical studies identify tobacco SABP2 as a methyl salicylate esterase and implicate it in plant innate immunity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. Feb 1;102(5):1773-8.
Maleck, K, Aaron Levine, Thomas Eulgem, Allen Morgan, Jürg Schmid, Kay A. Lawton, Jeffery L. Dangl & Robert A. Dietrich. (2000) The transcriptome of Arabidopsis thaliana during systemic acquired resistance Nature Genetics 26: 403-410
Métraux et al. (1990) Increase in salicylic acid at the onset of systemic acquired resistance in cucumber. Science 250: 1004-1006.
Spoela, Steven H, Annemart Koornneef, Susanne M. C. Claessens, Jerôme P. Korzelius, Johan A. Van Pelt, Martin J. Mueller, Antony J. Buchal, Jean-Pierre Métraux, Rebecca Brown, Kemal Kazane, L. C. Van Loon, Xinnian Dong and Corné M. J. Pieterse (2003). NPR1 Modulates Cross-Talk between Salicylate- and Jasmonate-Dependent Defense Pathways through a Novel Function in the Cytosol The Plant Cell, Vol. 15, 760-770.
Zhang, X., Dai, Y., Xiong, Y., DeFraia, C., Li, J., Dong, X., and Mou, Z. (2007) Overexpression of Arabidopsis MAP kinase kinase 7 leads to activation of plant basal and systemic acquired resistance. Plant journal. v. 52, no. 6, 1066-1079.
Traw, M. B., Kniskern, J. M., and Bergelson, J. (2007). SAR increases fitness of Arabidopsis thaliana in the presence of natural bacterial pathogens. Evolution Int J Org Evolution 61, 2444-9.
Discussion Paper
Discussion led by Ebrahiem:
Park, S.-W., Kaimoyo, E., Kumar, D., Mosher, S., and Klessig, D. F. (2007) Methyl Salicylate Is a Critical Mobile Signal for Plant Systemic Acquired Resistance. Science. v. 318, no. 5847, 113-116.
Week of April 8
Toxins in Plant-Pathogen Interactions
Required Reading:
Walton, J.D. 1996. Host-selective toxins: agents of compatibility. Plant Cell 8(10): 1723-1733.
Wolpert, T.J., L.D. Dunkle and L. M. Ciufetti. 2002. Host-selective toxins and avirulence determinants:
What's in a name? Annual Review of Phytopathology 40: 251-285.
Discussion Paper:
Additional Reading:
Ahn, J.H., and Walton, J.D. 1996. Chromosomal organization of TOX2, a complex locus controlling hostselective
toxin biosynthesis in Cochliobolus carbonum. Plant Cell 8(5):887-897.
Ahn, J.H., and Walton, J.D. 1997. A fatty acid synthase gene in Cochliobolus carbonum required for
production of HC-toxin, cyclo(D-prolyl-L-alanyl-D-alanyl-L-2-amino-9,10-epoxi-8-
oxodecanoyl). Molecular Plant Microbe Interactions 10(2):207-214.
Akimitsu, K., Shikata, T., Otani, H., Tabira, H., Kodama, M., and Kohmoto, K. 1994. Light suppresses
the action of the host-specific ACR-toxin on citrus leaves. Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture
Tottori University 30:17-27.
Bronson, C.R. 1991. The genetics of toxin production by plant pathogenic fungi. Experientia 47:771-776.
Chung, K. R. (2003). "Involvement of calcium/calmodulin signaling in cercosporin toxin biosynthesis by
Cercospora nicotianae." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69(2): 1187-1196.
Chung, K. R., M. E. Daub, et al. (2003). "Expression of the cercosporin toxin resistance gene (CRG1) as a
dicistronic mRNA in the filamentous fungus Cercospora nicotianae." Current Genetics 43(6):
415-424.
Chung, K. R., M. E. Daub, et al. (2003). "The CRG1 gene required for resistance to the singlet oxygengenerating
cercosporin toxin in Cercospora nicotianae encodes a putative fungal transcription
factor." Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 302(2): 302-310.
Chung, K. R., M. Ehrenshaft, et al. (2002). "Functional expression and cellular localization of
cercosporin-resistance proteins fused with the GFP in Cercospora nicotianae." Current Genetics
41(3): 159-167.
Chung, K. R., M. Ehrenshaft, et al. (2003). "Cercosporin-deficient mutants by plasmid tagging in the
asexual fungus Cercospora nicotianae." Molecular Genetics and Genomics 270(2): 103-113.
Greenberg, J.T. and N. Yao. 2004. The role and regulation of programmed ceall death in plant-pathogen
interactions. Cellular Microbiology 6: 201-211.
Hatta R., Ito K., Hosaki Y., Tanaka T., Tanaka A., Yamamoto M., Akimitsu K., Tsuge T. 2002. A
conditionally dispensable chromosome controls host-specific pathogenicity in the fungal plant
pathogen Alternaria alternata. Genetics 161: 59-70.
Johnson L. J., Johnson R. D., Akamatsu H., Salamiah A., Otani H., Kohmoto K., Kodama M. 2001.
Spontaneous loss of a conditionally dispensable chromosome from the Alternaria alternata apple
pathgotype leads to loss of toxin production and pathogenicity. Current Genetics 40: 65-72.
Kodama, M., Inoue, K., Otani, H., and Kohmoto, K. 1995. Cultivar-specific and non-specific responses in
tomato cell cultures to AL-toxin from Alternaria alternata tomato pathotype. Annals of the
Phytopathological Society of Japan 61(6):582-585.
Kodama, M., Rose, M.R., Yang, G., Yun, S.H., Yoder, O.C., and Turgeon, B.G. 1999. The translocationassociated
Tox1 locus of Cochliobolus heterostrophus is two genetic elements on two different
chromosomes. Genetics 151:585-596.
Kohmoto, K., Akimitsu, K., and Otani, H. 1991. Correlation of resistance and susceptibility of citrus to
Alternaria alternata with sensitivity to host-specific toxins. Phytopathology 81:719-722.
Kohmoto, K., Itoh, Y., Shimomura, N., Kondoh, Y., Otani, H., Kodama, M., Nishimura, S., and
Nakatsuka, S. 1993. Isolation and biological activities of two host-specific toxins from the
tangerine pathotype of Alternaria alternata. Phytopathology 83(5):495-502.
Plant Pathology 535 (MBioS 535)
Molecular Genetics of Plant Pathogen Interactions
Spring 2008
Kohmoto, K., Scheffer, R.P., and Whiteside, J.O. 1979. Host-selective toxins from Alternaria citri.
Phytopathology 69:667-671.
Kroken, S., N. L. Glass, et al. (2003). "Phylogenomic analysis of type I polyketide synthase genes in
pathogenic and saprobic ascomycetes." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the
United States of America 100(26): 15670-15675.
Levings, C. S., D. M. Rhoads, et al. (1995). "Molecular interactions of Bipolaris maydis T-toxin and
maize." Canadian Journal of Botany 73(Suppl. 1): S483-S489.
Lorang, J.M., T. A. Sweat and T.J. Wolpert. 2007. Plant disease susceptibility conferred by a "resistance"
gene. PNAS (USA) 104: 14861-14866.
Lu, S., Lyngholm, L., Yang, G., Bronson, C., and Yoder, O.C. 1994. Tagged mutations at the Tox1 locus
of Cochliobolus heterostrophus by restriction enzyme-mediated integration. PNAS (USA)
91:12649-12653.
Masunaka, A., Tanaka, A., Tsuge, T., Peever, T.L., Timmer, L.W., Yamamoto, M., Yamamoto, H., and
Akimitsu, K. 2000. Distribution and characterization of AKT homologs in the tangerine pathotype
of Alternaria alternata. Phytopathology 90:762-768.
Meeley, R. B., G. S. Johal, et al. (1992). "A biochemical phenotype for a disease resistance gene of
maize." Plant Cell 4(1): 71-78.
Meeley, R. B. and J. D. Walton (1991). "Enzymatic detoxification of HC-toxin, the host-selective cyclic
peptide from Cochliobolus carbonum." Plant Physiology 97(3): 1080-1086.
Multani, D.S., Meeley, R.B., Paterson, A.H., Gray, J., Briggs, S.P., and Johal, G.S. 1998. Plant-pathogen
microevolution: Molecular basis for the origin of a fungal disease in maize. PNAS (USA)
95:1686-1691.
Navarre, D.A., and Wolpert, T.J. 1999. Victorin induction of an apoptotic/senescence-like response in
oats. Plant Cell 11:237-249.
Nikolskaya, A.N., Panaccione, D.G., and Walton, J.D. 1995. Identification of peptide synthetaseencoding
genes from filamentous fungi producing host-selective phytotoxins or analogs. Gene
165(2):207-211.
Nishimura, S., and Kohmoto, K. 1983. Host-specific toxins and chemical structures from Alternaria
species. ann. Rev. Phytopathol. 21:87-116.
Ohtani, K., Yamamoto, H., and Akimitsu, K. 2002. Sensitivity to Alternaria alternata toxin in citrus
because of altered mitochondrial RNA processing. PNAS (USA) 99(4):2439-2444.
Otani, H., Kohmoto, K., and Kodama, M. 1995. Alternaria toxins and their effects on host plants.
Canadian Journal of Botany 73(Suppl. 1):S453-S458.
Panaccione, D.G., Pitkin, J.W., Walton, J.D., and Annis, S.L. 1996. Transposon-like sequences at the
TOX2 locus of the plant-pathogenic fungus Cochliobolus carbonum. Gene 176(1-2):103-109.
Panaccione, D.G., Scott, C.J.S., Pocard, J.A., and Walton, J.D. 1992. A cyclic peptide synthetase gene
required for pathogenicity of the fungus Cochliobolus carbonum on maize. Proceedings Of The
National Academy Of Sciences Of The United States Of America 89(14):6590-6594.
Pedley, K.F. and J.D. Walton. 2001. Regulation of cyclic peptide biosynthesis in a plant pathogenic
fungus by a novel transcription factor. PNAS (USA) 98: 14174-14179.
Scheffer, R.P. 1991. Role of toxins in evolution and ecology of plant-pathogenic fungi. Experientia
47:804-811.
Scott, C.J.S., Panaccione, D.G., Pocard, J.A., and Walton, J.D. 1992. The cyclic peptide synthetase
catalyzing HC-toxin production in the filamentous fungus Cochliobolus carbonum is encoded by
a 15.7-kilobase open reading frame. Journal Of Biological Chemistry 267(36):26044-26049.
Siedow, J. N., D. M. Rhoads, et al. (1995). "The relationship between the mitochondrial gene T-urf13 and
fungal pathotoxin sensitivity in maize." Biochimica et biophysica acta = International journal of
biochemistry and biophysics 1271(1): 235-240.
Spassieva, S.D., J.E. Markham, J. Hille. 2002. The plant resistance gene Asc-1 prevents disruption of
sphingolipid metabolism during AAL-toxin-induced programmed cell death. The Plant Journal
32: 561-572.
Tanaka, A., Shiotani, H., Yamamoto, M., and Tsuge, T. 1999. Insertional mutagenesis and cloning of the
genes required for biosynthesis of the host-specific AK-toxin in the Japanese pear pathotype of
Alternaria alternata. MPMI 12(8):691-702.
Tanaka, A., and Tsuge, T. 2000. Structural and functional complexity of the genomic region controlling
AK-toxin biosynthesis and pathogenicity in the Japanese pear pathotype of Alternaria alternata.
MPMI 13(9):975-986.
Walton J. D. 2000. Horizontal gene transfer and the evolution of secondary metabolite gene clusters in
fungi: An hypothesis. Fungal Genetics and Biology 30: 167-171
Wang, H., J. Li, R.M. Bostock and D.G. Gilchrist. 1996. Apoptosis: A functional paradigm for
programmed cell death induced by a host-selective phytotoxin and invoked during development.
Plant Cell 8: 375-391.
Yang, G., Rose, M.R., Turgeon, B.G., and Yoder, O.C. 1996. A polyketide synthase is required for fungal
virulence and production of the polyketide T-toxin. Plant Cell 8:2139-2150
Yoder, O.C. 1998. A mechanistic view of the fungal/plant interaction based on host-specific toxin studies,
p. 3-15. In K. Kohmoto and O. C. Yoder (ed.), Molecular Genetics of Host-Specific Toxins in
Plant Disease. Kluwer, Dordrecht.
Week of April 15
Reading
Week of April 22
Johnson
Hall 329 (office) &
328 (lab)
Tel.: (509)335-3733
Fax: (509)335-9581
E-mail: carris@mail.wsu.edu
Teaching:
General Mycology PlP 421/521-offered every fall semester (PLP521 Online)
Advanced Fungal Biology PlP 526 -offered alternate spring semesters
Molds, Mildews and Mushrooms: The Fifth Kingdom PlP150 -offered every spring semester
Other Teaching Activities:
"Hunting Fall Mushrooms," Community Enrichment Program, University of Idaho
Mushroom forays for Palouse Mycological Association.
Professional Activities:
Liaison, WSU Association for Faculty Women (2005-present)
Heading using the h3tag
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